beginner
8 min read
If Statements in Python
An if statement is how a Python program turns a condition into a decision: check something, then run one block of code or skip it. The whole skill is…
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Control Flow and Logic
Give your programs decisions and repetition with conditions, loops, logical operators, and concise control-flow patterns.
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Articles in Control Flow and Logic
Follow these lessons in order, or jump directly to the topic you need.
beginner
8 min read
Logical Operators in Python
You already know how to make a single decision with an if statement. Real programs rarely stop there. A login form checks that a user exists and that the…
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beginner
7 min read
For Loops in Python
A for loop is how Python repeats an action for every item in a collection. You describe the action once, and Python runs it for each value in turn. That…
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beginner
7 min read
While Loops in Python
A Python while loop is not a fixed counter. It is a repeating gate: Python checks a condition, runs the block while the condition is true, then checks…
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beginner
8 min read
Break and Continue in Python Loops
A loop repeats until something tells it to stop. break and continue are the two controls that decide what happens next: break exits the whole loop, while…
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beginner
13 min read
Practice Exercises: Control Flow
Reading about if statements and loops is easy. Writing them is where you find out what you actually understand. That gap between recognizing a concept and…
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beginner
10 min read
Nested Loops in Python: How and When to Use Them
A single loop repeats one action. A nested loop repeats an action inside another repeated action—and that small shift is what lets you walk grids, tables,…
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beginner
9 min read
List Comprehensions for Beginners
A list comprehension is a compact way to build a new list by transforming or filtering an existing one. It is not a replacement for every loop—it is a tool…
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beginner
7 min read
Pattern Matching in Python: An Introduction to match-case
You know that feeling when you write a decision chain that keeps asking the same question about the same value? if status == 200, then elif status == 404,…
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